Behavior therapy is the application of behavior theory (S-R and S_S) to the treatment of psychological issues. It is also known as applied behavior analysis. The therapist tries to determine what stimuli elicit the behavior and under what circumstances the behavior occurs and then s/he tries to determine what is reinforcing the behavior. Then s/he tries to change those contingencies so that an incompatible behavior is learned or a maladaptive behavior is extinguish. Behavior therapy is used often by schools and institutions where more control can be exerted. There are a number of behavior therapy techniques, such as Time-Out and Token Economies. I think it was explored for children by Mark Gold, Find Another Way, which largely uses positive reinforcement.